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@!/n+wj&xR޿G7@@ =΂ @z4aڟD_h ﵡ_b 4H 0$ņ]s] =|z@>^7!@LnDe(E~~u @ d)v!!@hAsW#@otp ?7C p: ;$ G)a2 Bη @p%& 7_O,w fL}b/!=-+ @ O LD]~x KL^Pa*a!ِ !@`l`P0[)c{C.I@~⟊5Aj~a%H@]T-eC*G5, 0^$ǨKD!Y# I %`iTO3VƆ @;HA括1nvnv@~{O L>/0@&CH?~H3; `$zms1qJ/; @6g:rs2Hwߦ9 J>G(D@>f<3Axk8 (H'Sw.@⣭~Q $|PvK/<@2vME6Ň"_ @~Y<ƀ @2_g-Qm2OR Fz׎aV@5(Hr9 @#}R=l _ˬ&{݌@@"Rƿ!Jɡ_ @zQ6 D|b!-_QDRR 0 7ԋB4 @ &p7U w߿ !@;xX$c R  -QΊ ryE9bZB &{ UbW:~AC"p׽Nq!@e*R%<^J@e^ݲ0@v'(LE ? mA B CDE G H K5`P_ U#V  Y+Zs]mab[ i $R$'&xܪ`ru R$ `<}@1=h  2$_6 лWTs|$$r$$E2fY_,I!)i$b$;k\GLƬ3~X 0AA@O}@T   ʿ ʚ;Sk8ʚ;g4ddddL{ 0nppp@  G4BdBd{ 0<4dddd@k 0tT}{<4BdBd@k 0tT}{<4!d!d@k 0tT}{80___PPT10 pp? +O =$IEA HPP Annex 28 Calculation method6%, $ Workshop IEA HPP Annex 28 8th International Heat Pump Conference, Las Vegas, 30 May 2005 Carsten Wemhner, Operating Agent IEA HPP Annex 28 Institute of Energy, University of Applied Sciences Basel4P Z   A    ^ :'Outline of the presentation(F:  Objectives Z  H1$Objectives of the calculation method%(F%L  5Transparent no correction factors as far as possible0 P)P )>  I2HCalculation method  basic situation%(F%L  {Output capacity and efficiency (COP) strongly dependent on source and sink temperature and changes over the operation range|Z|    gK#Principle of the calculation method$(F$L  jN#Principle of the calculation method$(F$L  T>%Performance factor at operating point&(F&8  [C#Principle of the calculation method$(F$L  bG(Seasonal performance factor of heat pump)(F)T rS#Principle of the calculation method$(F$L  cH+Seasonal performance factor of heating mode,(F,T qR#Principle of the calculation method$(F$#O8Extension to combined systems(F0 Q:Extension to combined systems(F0 R;Extension to combined systems(F0 eJ#Overall seasonal performance factor$(F$B N7Assumptions/Simplifications(F( M6Calculation steps(F( K4 Input data (F L5 Input data (F G0s   0` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@ ?Zd@ @`d n?" dd@   @@``PP   @ ` `(p>>  (    T{_ж_ж ?"T*i { ])Klicken Sie, um Titelformat zu bearbeiten* *5  6{ "2U+ { cKlicken Sie, um die Formate des Vorlagentextes zu bearbeiten Zweite Ebene Dritte Ebene Vierte Ebene=    d  H??"6?@`NNN?N   6{ "`* { \*    6\{ "`@   { Z*   c JA &Logo_IfE_engl_16mm"[ HH  0޽h ? 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Nhqq 0 B  cKlicken Sie, um die Formate des Vorlagentextes zu bearbeiten Zweite Ebene Dritte Ebene Vierte Ebene=    d  Tsqq (`   v* T**TT  Twqq (J e`  x* T**TTH  0 e@ ? ̙3380___PPT10.rΒap @(     Nqq 8   v* T**TT  Nqq J e8  x* T**TT  Tħqq (`   v* T**TT  T,qq (J e`  x* T**TTH  0 e@ ? ̙3380___PPT10.ra 0 0*(  0x 0 c $|{{ i r 0 S T|{= T* { H 0 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i."+D=' = @B +\  0 06(  x  c $_pK  p   0pw{ 6   "  Nop_ж_ж   W 0  Brp O1<$ 0 p   6Dtp Q3< ,$ 0 gExtension to combined systems  6wp _ O1 ,$ 0 |2Simplifications, calculations steps and input data332&  6{p O1,$ 0 Principle of the calculationZ6  H  0޽h ? ̙33^ V ___PPT106 ."Z+!qDD* ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 ++0+0 +  0    & (  x  c $WpK  p   0Zp 6   "  Np_ж_ж   W 0  Bp O1<$ 0 p   6p MK ,$ 0 ,Easy-to-use  hand calculation , no extensive computer application or simulation suited for standards, Y Yd D  6,p * K ,$ 0 nBased on publicly available data standard testing results component characteristics from technical data sheets.!N!N     6\p  O  Bs   6p 7 s,$ 0 3Applicable to the majority of systems on the market44l H  0޽h ? ̙33  ___PPT10 ."Z+jD ' = @B D~ ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 6%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+ 0 +  0  y   (  x  c $Xp  p   0Tp 6   "  N@p_ж_ж   W 0  Bp O8<$ 0 p Z  64p /Q,$ 0 jOutput capacity and efficiency (COP) are known at defined testing points (from standard component testing)kjj   6p  QJ ,$ 0 FMeteorological data available for evaluation of the source temperatureGG     6xp 7 O ,$ 0 NController settings available for the characterisation of the sink temperatureOO   b   6dp  O ,$ 0 ~Annual energy requirement for space heating and domestic hot water are known from standard calculations (building regulations)   H  0޽h ? ̙33  ___PPT10 ."Z+Ds ' = @B D. ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*|%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+ 0 +N  0 L0D0ry0 /(  x~ x s *T*i    x 0P 6   " x N _ж_ж   W 0 x 6" bC ,$ 0 8Annual frequency of the ambient dry bulb air temperature&98~    2x C $02xC"? 'r !ambient dry bulb temperature [C]""!C J Z  #% 3x #" [NB 4x S D%#%NB 5x S D % _x c TA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P0$ ,$D 0 `x `uA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P,d,$D 0 ax c NA*cumulative bin hours"`] ,$D  0 bx 6d3 bC ,$ 0 CCumulative annual frequency of the ambient dry bulb air temperature&DC    # cx 6; ' ,$ 0 Meteo data processing6 l  y,$@  0P x 3  "`WP x 3  "` P x 3  "` #P x 3  "`CE pP x 3  "` P x 3  "` P x 3  "`# PP x 3  "`s@ P x 3  "` P x 3  "` <P x 3  "`Wr P x 3  "`( P x 3  "` P x 3  "`; hP x 3  "`p P x 3  "` P x 3  "`' TP x 3  "`o P x 3  "`Z P x 3  "`P+P x 3  "`GJzP x 3  "`IP x 3  "`BP x 3  "`+=aP x 3  "`{9P x 3  "`3P x 3  "`?P x 3  "`  8 P x 3  "`[  P x 3  "`  P x 3  "` M P x 3  "`; h P x 3  "`  P x 3  "` | P x 3  "`( 6U P x 3  "`x  P x 3  "` sE P x 3  "`f 4 P x 3  "`  P x 3  "`  P x 3  "` * P x 3  "`N { P x 3  "`  P x 3  "`>k}P x 3  "`zP x 3  "`{P x 3  "`  [ y#  ' ,$@ 0P }x 3  "`#VSP mx 3  "`YRP nx 3  "`SP ox 3  "`"SP px 3  "`EslSP qx 3  "`{SP rx 3  "`SP sx 3  "`%(LSP tx 3  "`uvUP ux 3  "`QUP vx 3  "`c>SP wx 3  "`Y/SP xx 3  "`KSP yx 3  "`/SP zx 3  "`=CjUP {x 3  "`AQP |x 3  "`SP ~x 3  "`qGSP x 3  "`KSP x 3  "`H*VP x 3  "`IEvSP x 3  "`DRP x 3  "`7SP x 3  "`-GZUP x 3  "`}+SP x 3  "`+SP x 3  "`#>SP x 3  "` _: SP x 3  "`]  SP x 3  "`  SP x 3  "` " SP x 3  "`= j TP x 3  "`  VP x 3  "`  VP x 3  "`* W XP x 3  "`z  [P x 3  "` G XP x 3  "`h  VP x 3  "`  VP x 3  "`  [P x 3  "` , [P x 3  "`P 4} QP x 3  "` % QP x 3  "`@4mQP x 3  "`4PP x 3  "`5QP x 3  "` %Q  B  y#   x,$D  0`B x 0DjJB6  x # BCDELF$AAjJ?`xeXH8 "Jt 7d  @      <  < y  BCDE@F AAjJ<y>mxnB\pH4  @      BH x 0޽h ? ̙33^V___PPT106."Z+رFpD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DX' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*cx%(D' =-6B+checkerboard(across)*<3<*cxDt' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`x%(D' =%(Du' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*y%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D' =%(D}' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`x%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*_x%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*_x%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*ax%(DW' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*y%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* y%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*bx%(++0+x0 ++0+x0 ++0+x0 ++0+bx0 ++0+cx0 +Xc  0 K6C6j 5(  z fn  T ,$@  0  C C"?f rQ36 K HB  C Dnh8  sP  3 "`WP  3 "` P  3 "` #P  3 "`CE pP  3 "` P  3 "` P  3 "`# PP  3 "`s@ P  3 "` P  3 "` <P  3 "`Wr P  3 "`( P   3 "` P ! 3 "`; hP " 3 "`p P # 3 "` P $ 3 "`' TP % 3 "`o P & 3 "`Z P ' 3 "`P+P ( 3 "`GJzP ) 3 "`IP * 3 "`BP + 3 "`+=aP , 3 "`{9P - 3 "`3P . 3 "`?P / 3 "`  8 P 0 3 "`[  P 1 3 "`  P 2 3 "` M P 3 3 "`; h P 4 3 "`  P 5 3 "` | P 6 3 "`( 6U P 7 3 "`x  P 8 3 "` sE P 9 3 "`f 4 P : 3 "`  P ; 3 "`  P < 3 "` * P = 3 "`N { P > 3 "`  P ? 3 "`>kP @ 3 "`P A 3 "`P B 3 "` ~  s *xT*     0@Ҟ 6   "  N,Ԟ_ж_ж   W 0  C H؞C"? 'r !ambient dry bulb temperature [C]""!C J Z  #%  #" [NB  S D%#%NB   S D %   c TA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P0$    `uA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P,d   c NA*cumulative bin hours"`] L  B #  {ZB  s *DjJB6   # BCDELF$jJ?`xeXH8 "Jt 7d  @      <  <   BCDE@F jJ<y>mxnB\pH4  @      B t 60 '" hBin distribution  u 6t .P ,$ 0 GM Operation conditions at the operating points valid for the entire bin>GM   v 6 pF ,$ 0 UU Bins should have connection to available information on the heat pump characteristic2UU    w 6  ,$ 0 u Conclusion: 2   T x 6x  ,$  0 (Operating point in the centre of the bin&)(H  E y 6\   ,$ 0 #Bin limits between operating points&$#>  zB { S DjJ ! ,$@ 0z L?  } 8= ,$D 0 ~ C ~C"?L` 0 xDesign indoor temperature "C  HB  C D0 # (2   t? z o F   R ,$D 0  C C"?o  oOP14C K B2  3 w%Fl r   ,$@  0  S C"?r  oOP34C K H2  C C e l !    T ,$D 0  C 4!C"?!   oOP24C K B2  3   z     |,$D 0HB  C D kf(2  SQ   C 'C"?   design outdoor temperature"C : B  s *DjJ $ ,$@ 0B  s *DjJ$  $ ,$@ 0B  s *DjJ  ,$@ 0B  0DjJ ,$D 0z Qt  J% ,$D 0  C 0C"?Qt# Q3, upper6  K HB  C Dtz eG   r; ,$D  0HB  C Djn $   C 8C"?eb  Q3, lower6  K (2   G Nl  ~ 8 ,$@ 0N  N   d  C >C"?\ &Upper ambient temperature for heating "'&C & HB  C D N(2   E ~H  0޽h ? ̙33,,___PPT10,."Z+i2*D*' = @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(Dh' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*{%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*}%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(Dh' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(Du' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D' =%(Ds' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(DM' =%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*y%(Dq' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*w%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*y%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*v%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*u%(++0+u0 ++0+v0 ++0+w0 ++0+x0 ++0+x0 ++0+y0 ++0+y0 +?  0L0 8?(  8x 8 c $k    8 0n 6   " 8 Np_ж_ж   W 0p 8 6x Ky,$ 0 zEfficiency values from standard testing valid for the whole bin COP interpolated for the conditions at the operating point*@;@;    r 8 60 3O- ,$  0 $Further system losses Storage losses6ZZ 8 6ȍ  N,$ 0 Additional electrical auxiliary expense heat pump auxiliaries not considered in the COP boundary (e.g. brine source pump) Circulation pumps Control only in times when heat pumps is not running6((        8 <P, Vp ,$ 0 kPFi =$  8 0Z ,$ 0 dQnet,i$B  8 c $D | ,$@ 0B 8 c $D,$@  0 8 <  ,$  0 o + Qloss,i$   8 0 2 ,$  0 ZCOPi 8 <4,$ 0 \Qnet,i 8 0td s ,$ 0 n+ Eaux,i$   8 <~y,$ 0 \Qnet,i 8 08¢ 0o, ,$ 0 ZCOPiB 8 c $Dp,$@ 0B 8 c $D  ,$D 0B 8 c $Dn",$@ 0 8 <Ǣ,$ 0 \Qnet,iH 8 0޽h ? ̙33((___PPT10(."Z+KsDS%' = @B D%' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D$ ' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 8%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D9 ' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(+H+0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+ 80 ++0+ 80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 ++0+80 +  0 KaCaQD `(  Px P c $HK    P 6 2C ,$ 0 >Measure for the energy requirement: Heating degree hours (HDH)&?>  9P 6 'H,$ 0 tEnergy requirement$ l ,  PkC ,$D 0 P 6  ,  Heating degree hours =(6r P S A ??"?q  P 6 2C ,$  0 egEnergy requirement in the bin corresponds to difference of cumulative heating degree hours at bin limit&hg    / P 6X  2C ,$  0 sArea of the bin (area between cumulative frequency and indoor design temperature) corresponds to energy requirement&ts     v P 6( 2C ,$ 0 Relative energy requirement in the bin corresponds to ratio of bin areas (weighting factor) Operation conditions at operating point valid for the entire bin      F fn P Z  P C 2PC"?f rQ36 K HB P C Dn\F  P J P # "`WJ P # "` J P # "` #J P # "`CE pJ P # "` J P # "` J P # "`# PJ P # "`s@ J P # "` J P # "` <J P # "`Wr J P # "`( J P # "` J P # "`; hJ P # "`p J P # "` J P # "`' TJ P # "`o J P # "`Z J P # "`P+J P # "`GJzJ P # "`IJ P # "`BJ P # "`+=aJ P # "`{9J P # "`3J Q # "`?J Q # "`  8 J Q # "`[  J Q # "`  J Q # "` M J Q # "`; h J Q # "`  J Q # "` | J Q # "`( 6U J  Q # "`x  J  Q # "` sE J  Q # "`f 4 J  Q # "`  J  Q # "`  J Q # "` * J Q # "`N { J Q # "`  J Q # "`>kJ Q # "`J Q # "`J Q # "`  Q 0xG 6   " Q NI_ж_ж   W 0 Q C MQC"? 'r !ambient dry bulb temperature [C]""!C J Z  #% Q #" [NB Q S D%#%NB Q S D % Q c TA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P0$  Q `uA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P,d Q c NA*cumulative bin hours"`] L  B Q# oZB Q s *DjJB6   Q # BCDELF$jJ?`xeXH8 "Jt 7d  @      <  < !Q  BCDE@F jJ<y>mxnB\pH4  @      BFB "Q S DjJ  F L?  #Q &+  $Q C (X$QC"?L` 0 xDesign indoor temperature "C  HB %Q C D0 # (2 &Q  t? F o F 'Q  +  (Q C ^(QC"?o  oOP14C K B2 )Q 3 w%FF r  *Q x  +Q C d+QC"?r  oOP34C K B2 ,Q 3 C e F !   -Q  T  .Q C k.QC"?!   oOP24C K B2 /Q 3   F   0Q  vHB 1Q C D kf(2 2Q SQ  3Q C q3QC"?   design outdoor temperature"C : B 4Q s *DjJ  ,$D 0RB 5Q s *DjJ   RB 6Q s *DjJ  XB 7Q 0DjJ F Qt 8Q P%  9Q C z9QC"?Qt# Q3, upper6  K HB :Q C DtF eG  ;Q KA HB Q  G (F  ~ ?Q 8 N  N @Q  d AQ C AQC"?\ &Upper ambient temperature for heating "'&C & HB BQ C D N(2 CQ  E ~l Q | QZ Q|,$@ 0t@ QR | rQQ |T   EQ#   | FQ C FQC"?  QIDB O NB GQ S D Q T i^   IQ#  QR  nB JQ S DC"?n   KQ S ȔKQC"?i^   ~QaB O @  || qQ ||`B LQ 0D  | MQ c $MQ C"? |[ hdt,  @   pQ ZB PQ s *D  TB QQ c $D ` }TB RQ c $D  L{TB SQ c $D  {TB TQ c $D p |TB UQ c $D  STB VQ c $D  {TB WQ c $D x  ~TB XQ c $D  W qTB YQ c $D  {TB ZQ c $D  xTB [Q c $D  [yTB \Q c $D x wTB ]Q c $D  R|TB ^Q c $D + }TB _Q c $D   TB `Q c $D  i TB aQ c $D 5 TB bQ c $D ' wTB cQ c $D ER TB dQ c $D  _TB eQ c $D  zTB fQ c $D y {TB gQ c $D 79MxTB hQ c $D N{NB kQ S D  {NB lQ S D y NB mQ S D; NB nQ S D NB oQ S D  M @ E  h  Q9  \ N2 iQ S   G  h N2 jQ S  E f 4l    Q  ,$@ 0T    Q#   NB QB S D h NB QB S D!  NB QB S D6 = NB QB S D(  NB QB S D  NB QB S D, NB QB S D?  NB QB S D^ i NB QB S D  NB QB S DK. R NB QB S DS ( ` NB QB S D   NB QB S D ( NB QB S D *  NB QB S D] $ ^ NB QB S D  NB QB S D' n NB QB S D b NB QB S D   Q C QC"?2   HP2 4C K &  < l   Q  ,$@ 0 @   Q TB tQ c $D yTB uQ c $D nwTB vQ c $D: wTB wQ c $D xTB xQ c $D u{TB yQ c $DA wTB zQ c $D & zTB {Q c $D y mTB |Q c $D? tTB }Q c $D }uTB ~Q c $D 'sTB Q c $DM yTB Q c $D A sTB Q c $D}  cTB Q c $D TB Q c $D xTB Q c $Do kTB Q c $D Y wTB Q c $D% qNB Q S D<U NB Q S D& NB Q S D ZNB Q S D* }NB Q S D ;NB Q S D wNB Q S D:!cNB Q S D9 Q 3 ʤQC"?`   HP1 4C K &  l h   Qb  ,$@ 0P@ h   Qh  NB Q S D H  NB Q S D@   NB Q S D j  NB Q S D P NB Q S Dq   NB Q S D6  NB Q S D? B NB Q S D~  NB Q S Dh  NB Q S D   NB Q S DN  NB Q S D   Q C dդQC"?  <  HP3 4C K &  H P 0޽h ? ̙33%%___PPT10%."Z+D#' = @B D#' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DX' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*9P%(D' =-6B+checkerboard(across)*<3<*9PD2' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D ' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =%(Df' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4Q%(D5' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4Q%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(++0+P0 ++0+P0 ++0+9P0 ++0+P0 ++0+P0 ++0+P0 ++0+P0 ++0+P0 +B  0L0 P"d z(  dx d c $     d 00  6   " d N_ж_ж   W 0m d 6p Ky,$ 0 /Seasonal performance by summation over all bins00l   d 6h gI a ,$ 0 ;Electricity input can be expressed with performance factor<<     d <P 2p ,$ 0 mSPFhp =$$ d <4M,$ 0 SiQnet,i2 B d c $D*,$@ 0B d s *D& Rz& ,$@ 0  d 6$R 5 ,$  0 lSi0$$ $  d 6)* ?J ,$  0 YPFi d </n ,$ 0 |SiEi2 d 6L6  I  ,$ 0 yeRatio between bin heat requirement and total heat requirement can be expressed by weighting factor"#Cf      d <AN ,$  0 ZQnet d <LG`?,$ 0 U1 d <4L > ,$ 0 uQnet* " B  d c $D* R* ,$D 0 !d <Sl ,$ 0 Xwi "d <X`[ ,$ 0 \Qnet,iH d 0޽h ? ̙33.x.___PPT10X.."Z++)D<*' = @B D)' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(DF ' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*"d%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D=' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* d%(D' =%(Da' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*!d%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*"d%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d%(++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+ d0 ++0+ d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+d0 ++0+!d0 ++0+"d0 ++0+"d0 +y  0 ZTRT Zd   ~S(  x  c $芨K     6H 'H,$ 0 ^Back-up energy ? 00 6   " @ NL_ж_ж   W 0 A C AC"? 'r !ambient dry bulb temperature [C]""!C J Z  #% B #" [NB C S D%#%NB D S D % E c TA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P0$  F `uA0cumulativ_bin_hours_red"`P,d G c NA*cumulative bin hours"`] L  B H# oZB I s *DjJB6  J # BCDELF$jJ?`xeXH8 "Jt 7d  @      <  < K  BCDE@F jJ<y>mxnB\pH4  @      BFB L S DjJ  F L?  M &+  N C NC"?L` 0 xDesign indoor temperature "C  HB O C D0 # (2 P  t? F o F Q  +  R C RC"?o  oOP14C K B2 S 3 w%FF r  T x  U C UC"?r  oOP34C K B2 V 3 C e F !   W  T  X C `XC"?!   oOP24C K B2 Y 3   F   Z  vHB [ C D kf(2 \ SQ  ] C ]C"?   design outdoor temperature"C : RB ^ s *DjJ  RB _ s *DjJ   RB ` s *DjJ  XB a 0DjJ (F  ~ i 8 N  N j  d k C XèkC"?\ &Upper ambient temperature for heating "'&C & HB l C D N(2 m  E ~F       LT    #   HB B C D h HB B C D!  HB B C D6 = HB B C D(  HB B C D  HB B C D, HB B C D?  HB B C D^ i HB B C D  HB B C DK. R HB B C DS ( ` HB B C D   HB B C D ( HB B C D *  HB B C D] $ ^ HB B C D  HB B C D' n HB B C D b HB B C D    3 8ϨC"?2   HP2 6C K  &  h8 F f} C Ff}TB Ɯ c $DHO }TB ǜ c $D {TB Ȝ c $D f{TB ʜ c $D G}TB ˜ c $D qTB ̜ c $DFo}8 Nk 5# D $ TB  c $Dy 5TB ɜ c $DN #T  k 5 @#  k 5TB  c $D t TB  c $Ddq TB  c $Dr HTB  c $Dr TB  c $Dkk TB  c $Dt PTB  c $Dt  TB  c $Din TB  c $Ds TB  c $Ds QTB  c $Dwt TB  c $Dt kTB  c $Dp /TB  c $Dv 59 TB œ c $DBr TB Ü c $Dr ! TB Ĝ c $Dr TB Ŝ c $DOr  Μ C ިΜC"?   HP1 4C K &  `F h   Ϝ b  N h   М h  HB ќ C D H  HB Ҝ C D@   HB Ӝ C D j  HB Ԝ C D P HB ՜ C Dq   HB ֜ C D6  HB ל C D? B HB ؜ C D~  HB ٜ C Dh  HB ڜ C D   HB ۜ C DN  HB ܜ C D   ݜ 3 ݜC"?  <  HP3 4C K &   ޜ 6 Yw ,$ 0 JMixed operation mode heat pump is switched- off at low temperature cut-out&K7   l   V   h,$@ 0ZB  s *D1yC C @   V   Vt@  h   2D ZB  s *D1 Y hY ZB  s *D1? ^ `B  0D1g g T   V #   V^@   V   VZB  s *D1R VZB  s *D1  ZB  s *D1M ZB  s *D1     6C"?;  <   c $DC"?H # uBU (G &  ) @ 4  9  4  9   6P H 9  cHP1& 2  T 4  9  # 4  9 @T @ F   # 4 9 @  + J   @ F `B  0D /  `B  0DY/  `B  0D7  `B  0D7 E `B  0Dx+  `B  0D+  `B  0D$+ O `B  0D/  `B  0D+  `B  0D?/ n `B  0D+  `B  0D/ / `B  0D^/  `B  0D/  `B  0D+ J `B  0D / TB   c $D F > TB   c $Db < TB   c $D : TB  c $D  z  _  E  )j,$@ 0<N  _  F  _ TB G c $D1 _ TB H c $D1 A \A TB I c $D13 R ZB J s *D1[ [ TB K c $D1 S TB L c $D1  X TB M c $D1 [ X[ TB N c $D1N U  O c $OC"?f >K  uBU (G &  l  'L Z  R,$@  0ZB  s *D1 CZB  s *D1 LZB  s *D1c'H'ZB  s *D1 IZB   s *D1' qHrZB ! s *D1 HZB " s *D1` !E& $ s *$C"?K uBU (G &   P 6C"?d0B~z  A    G ,$D 0HB  C DN b (2  Q A   C !C"?   }Balance point temperature"C   R 6& Ww ,$ 0 DAlternate operation mode heat pump is switched- off at balance point&E-l    S 6- Zu ,$ 0 wmOperation of the back-up heating defined by Operation mode Balance point temperature Low temperature cut-out <,B,A   b T 68 Yu ,$  0 .Parallel operation mode heat pump runs through&/P l * R  U* R ,$D 0   S ?C"?* <  low temperature cut-out"C : NB  S D$ e. 62   M R H  0޽h ? ̙33$$___PPT10$."Z+ȅD"' = @B Dz"' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*U%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*S%(Dn' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*C%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*S%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*E%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D8 ' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*E%(D' =4@BBBB%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Z%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*R%(D.' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*R%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Z%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*ޜ%(++0+0 ++0+ޜ0 ++0+R0 ++0+R0 ++0+S0 ++0+S0 ++0+T0 ++0+T0 +a9  0L0 {s`h (  hx h c $pd    h 0g 6   " h Nli_ж_ж   W 0 h 6pp Ky,$ 0 UaOverall performance of heat pump and back-up heating by weighting with delivered energy fractionsbb       h <Hu  ,$ 0 lSPFh =$ h <zT ,$ 0 YQhpB  h c $DX  X ,$@  0  h 0tD { d ,$ 0 [SPFhp  h <@* Z J ,$ 0 YEhp h <自0 B P ,$ 0 YQhp h <䐪  ,$ 0 c+ Qbu h <䖪0 P ,$ 0 c+ EbuB h c $D\ \ ,$@ 0 h < ,$ 0 ]+    h <P$ D ,$ 0 t Qbu* " " h <`  : ,$ 0 hbu2&    h 0L /  ,$  0 ZQnetB h c $D"  " ,$D 0H h 0޽h ? ̙33v'n'___PPT10N'."Z+%D#' = @B D]#' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D1 ' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D=' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* h%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* h%(D' =%(D~' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+ h0 ++0+ h0 ++0+ h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 ++0+h0 +y  0 OOPoO(  l  r  r  ,$@ 02@  r  ~ r ZB  s *DjJ z ZB  s *DjJ} x ZB  s *DjJ r ZB  s *DjJ z 3 ZB  s *DjJ r   c $ߪC"? &  W3 <G O &    0T t  "  N_ж_ж  =S W 0  Z_ж_ж =     NL_ж_ж  =S W 0  S dC"?A  !ambient dry bulb temperature [C]""!C J Z  #%  #" gNB  S D%#%NB  S D %  c NA*cumulative bin hours"`| FB  S DjJ :2  3  "   C C"?A E  oOP24C K   C ,C"?o  oOP14C K ^  6dRB  s *DjJX ~ X RB  s *DjJ    C  C"?\ &Upper ambient temperature for heating "'&C & LB  c $DjJ  b@B  C D N]F BJf Ƙ  NTB ǘ c $D1  Ș S ȘC"?VJ. wBU *G &  TB ɘ c $D1ZB ʘ s *D1BfF  B ˘ UN|TB ̘ c $DB6  ͘  BCDELF$?`xeXH8 "Jt 7d  @      <  < Θ BCDE@F <y>mxnB\pH4  @      B:2 Ϙ 3 %wFF +  И & Y v  ј C јC"?+  oOP34C K B2 Ҙ 3 o  RB Ә s *DjJp p 2 Ԙ M @ F   ՘ J gHHB ֘ C D kf(2 ט SQ  ؘ C ؘC"?   design outdoor temperature"C : F t OB  ٘  e5 HB ژ C D<R - (2 ۘ  OB  ܘ C x&ܘC"?t `  }Balance point temperature"C  F p '   l HB  C D h # HB  C DH 4 ' HB  C D r ! HB  C D X  HB  C Dy  % HB  C D> (  HB  C D _ J  HB  C D  HB  C Dp    3 .C"?"  \  oHP "C &  HB  C D  # HB  C DV  HB  C D  F * %    < \ HB B C D  HB B C D/  HB B C DU. \ HB B C D6  HB B C D.  HB B C D: HB B C D^  HB B C Dl  HB B C D    3 |7C"?@   oHP "C &  HB B C Dj< q HB B C Dr 6  HB B C D , & HB B C D 6 HB B C D( 8 ' HB B C D| 2 } HB B C D * HB B C DF |  HB B C D p  HB B C D . % L    # U  NB  S D NB  S D rNB  S D> NB  S D "NB   S D yNB   S DE NB   S D * NB   S D } uNB   S DC |NB  S D }NB  S D +{NB  S DQ NB  S D E {NB  S D kNB  S D  NB  S D NB  S Ds sNB  S D ] NB  S D) y  c $EC"?   oHP "C &  l  b   b ,$@ 0ZB "B s *DjJ b @  T   T T  *  #  T TB B c $DjJ q ZB  s *DjJ , TB B c $DjJ/ 2 e TB B c $DjJ TB  B c $DjJ 2  TB !B c $DjJ! *  # c $M#C"? L  W2 <G O &  B % c $DL |L,$D 0wl  T  T ,$@ 0ZB $ s *DjJT @  b   b 2@  b   b ZB ' s *DjJ f  ZB ( s *DjJ b ZB ) s *DjJA g ZB * s *DjJ g u ZB + s *DjJ   , s *LW,C"? | W1 @G O &  PF   g ^ #> NB h S D U{NB i S D* sNB j S Dt  l rA0Diagonal weit nach obenS" ?d ,$@ 0 m rA0Diagonal weit nach obenS" ? L ,$@ 0 n rA0Diagonal weit nach obenS" ?x  ,$@ 0F L?  o t 5 p C D`pC"?L` 0 xDesign indoor temperature "C  HB q C D0 # (2 r  t? zB t S DjJ  ,$@  0 u 6Df ],$ 0 tDomestic hot water$ v 6k "C ,$ 0 VZCombination of different operation modes by weighting with the respective energy fractions$[Z      w 6t  C ,$  0 FApproach: Daily tapping profile Hot water energy dependent on bin time. ' 'b   x 6| , ,$ 0 |hBack-up energy of domestic hot water mode is determined by temperature level (operation limit heat pump)ii   l z 6 2y ,$  0 :Evaluation of heat pump characterstic based on DHW-testing$;:P  l  Gr }G r,$@ 0@  Gr | GrZB . s *DjJ7 OrZB / s *DjJ MZB 0 s *DjJ G nZB 1 s *DjJ h jZB 2 s *DjJ GZB 4 s *DjJ k nZB 5 s *DjJ  n  3 03S" ?   ~W4>G O  l  U  . m ,$@ 0 Ø C ØC"? U  oOP44C K B2 ˜ 3   l  FX  F X ,$D  0ZB k s *DjJ FFZB  s *DjJ X X ZB  s *DjJ  ZB  s *DjJ pp  rA0Diagonal weit nach obenS" ?N ^,$@ 0H  0޽h ? ̙33))___PPT10s)."Z+zD'' = @B DB'' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DT' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*u%(D' =-6B'blinds(horizontal)*<3<*uD' =%(Dh' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%%(D ' =%(D1 ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*}%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*w%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*w%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*z%(DH ' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*n%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*m%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*z%(D' =%(DL' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%())))?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*x%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*v%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(++0+u0 ++0+v0 ++0+w0 ++0+w0 ++0+x0 ++0+x0 ++0+z0 ++0+z0 +  0 P ,(   x   c $i  i    0i 6   "   N|i_ж_ж   W 01   6pi I  ;Alternate combined operating systems (heat pump switched): $;<H  y   6Pi 7 ,$ 0 9Calculation of space heating and domestic hot water part ::l    6i  < ,$ 0 KSuperposition of single operation modes with weighting of energy fractions LL      6di O,$ 0 BResult from testing: characteristic does not change significantly CC H   0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10."Z+D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 +  0   p(2 (  (x ( c $<    ( 0i 6   " ( N_ж_ж   W 01 ( 6Ĭ I  ;Simultaneous combined operating systems (heat extraction): $;<H  | ( 6ˬ  C;,$ 0 @Characteristic in simultaneous operation changes significantly! $A@Z    ( 6׬ i< ,$ 0 Three operation modes have to be considered: Single space heating (e.g. winter operation, DHW storage entirely loaded) Single domestic hot water (e.g. summer operation) Simultaneous space heating and domestic hot water (SH and DHW demand) .--         ( 6$  Z ,$ 0 LFraction of operation in each operation mode by evaluating the running time MM   H ( 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10."Z+iu]D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(%(++0+(0 ++0+(0 ++0+(0 +  0 7 /  , (  ,x , c $    , 0xi 6   " , N_ж_ж   W 0 , 6 C,$ 0 .Running time t: produced heat/output capacity J/Z  , 6# +<A,$ 0 Maximum running time in combined operation If tSH > tDHW => tcombi = tDHW => DHW operation limiting factor for simultaneous operation If tDHW > tSH => tcombi = tSH => SH operation limiting factor for simultaneous operation J+NN+    A    ?        Q , 6X4  ZE ,$ 0 oEither space heating (intermediate season) or DHW (winter) could be the limiting factor for combined operation pp    , 6> q X#,$ 0 `jMaximum value may not be reached due to control effects and not necessarily simultaneous load requirement kk ! H , 0޽h ? ̙33^ V ___PPT106 ."Z+I D* ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* ,%(++0+,0 ++0+,0 ++0+,0 ++0+ ,0 +5  0L0 *tN(  tx t c $8Y    t 0H\ 6   " t Ni_ж_ж   W 0 t 6X` Ky weAs in the alternate case the overall seasonal performance of simultaneous operation is calculated  Lf      t 6k = ,$ 0 >Weighting of the performance factors of the operation modes >=,~    t <tw  6 ,$  0 5SPF =B  t c $D .H ,$@  0B  t c $D x ,$@ 0 t <z  ,$ 0 `Qh$  t <b 2 ,$  0 \Qh  t 0  ,$  0 bSPFh$  t <b ,$  0 ^+ QDHW  t 0 u ,$ 0 bSPFDHW$  t <蔮 D ,$ 0 `QDHW$ B t c $D ,$@ 0B t c $D  ,$@ 0 t 0 ,$ 0 fSPFcombi$   t <  \ ,$ 0 dQcombi$  t 0\ ,$ 0 [+"$ $ t 0x  ,$ 0 [+"$ ${ t 6L > ,$ 0 %with the respective energy fraction >$ Z H t 0޽h ? ̙33  ___PPT10_ ."Z+LD[' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D9' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D ' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 ++0+t0 +n  0 7 / @  (  x  c $     0 6   "  N_ж_ж   W 0|  6\ I ,$ 0 4Main impact on space heating is outside temperature 55t   6  C,$ 0 +aEffects of intermittent heating included in the calculation of energy requirement (EN ISO 13790) bb     6  <' ,$ 0 Fdefrosting considered in the heat pump characteristic (e.g. EN 14511) GGl      6  6m ,$ 0 'KDomestic hot water requirement constant over the year (daily consumption) LL     6@  6_,$ 0 fTControl effect cannot entirely be described but is reflected by standard situations UU   H  0޽h ? ̙33  ___PPT10 ."Z+u>]Ds ' = @B D. ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 +M#  0   0 # (  x  c $+     0. 6   "  N0_ж_ж   W 0,  6,3 I ,$ 0 ,Determination of energy requirement per bin --,  w  6x7 I ,$ 0 ADetermination of fraction by back-up energy (bivalent operation) BBb   6@ -=C ,$ 0 IInterpolation of output capacity and COP for source and sink temperature JJb  Q   6B k 0 ,$ 0 #Correction for part load operation $$Z  J   6H  * ,$ 0 8Evaluation of running time in different operation modes 99> *   6M  0 ,$ 0  Calculation of auxiliary energy !!6  f   6lQ  $,$ 0 8Calculation of generator losses (recoverable/recovered) 99Z       6TW 9O,$  0 ?Calculation of total energy input, system seasonal performance @@l   H  0޽h ? ̙33bZ___PPT10:."Z+RDN' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 +"  0    } (  x  c $x     0 | 6   "  N~_ж_ж   W 0  6 K ,$ 0 XData of the site Meteorological data (i.e. hourly values of the outside temperature, irradiation) Source temperature (e.g. outside air, ground, ground water etc.)*h     6\ OM ,$ 0 `ZEnergy Requirements Space heating energy requirement Domestic hot water energy requirement.GG   b   6  h N2,$ 0 Heat pump Type of the heat pump (e.g. brine-to-water, outside-air-to-water etc.) Heat pump characteristic (standard testing, e.g. EN 14511, ASHRAE 116 etc.) Operation limits.  /H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10."Z+JD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+ 0 +K  0    ' (  x  c $ĵ     0Ը 6   "  N_ж_ж   W 0  6 ð # K ,$ 0 System design Controller settings (heating characteristic curve, upper temperature limit for heating) Balance point (input or based on design heat load)*(  X  6TӰ I + ,$ 0 System components characteristics Installed storages (heating buffer, domestic hot water) Back-up generators (electrical, fossil) Domestic hot water operation (independent/alternate/combined) Nominal power of auxiliaries (pumps, fans, control& ) .""         H  0޽h ? ̙33\T___PPT104."Z+"KD' = @B DS' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+p+0+0 ++0+0 +  0 W(    0t 6   "  N_ж_ж w8Gi  @  6 zQ3  iThank you for your attention!H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i."Z+D=' = @B +1 xp^RЀ3ÿ lHbP  LPÄ!1 4axĐ% y@( XyT0cH!(#3+SrRIp101"X}" 0e(#!dgCP{=t 9e!~[a?h>+= FE&Q(̓R!;;`f.HC2@73(8?D-(75G5%$HXπ(ZXX 8z _,7"[U"<vR3(%$;5T;Any(/ \0k ^Pl Kqr@-٠%0g($022sq12yLM L3=]ڄe!M@)@\-(Ԧ4dOr W͔nMA kXى "5 f2a1ӕhZ C&01U*+MENODhW1 Om0mr3  :=A * h/F:@IG0G[rKPr$7=sQ T<[ {Kb _޿egQj[q GQFCMwOh+'0T `hx    Folie 1Carsten WemhnerIfU_Folienvorlage-2003-dtcarsten.wemhoener119Microsoft PowerPoint@ o@F݂oGSg  )'    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___wwwff4'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺۻܺܺܺܺܺۮܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺ܋lܺܮܑܴܮܑܑܴܵܺܺmCmlܑܑܴܴܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺllܑܮܴܻܴܴܮܑܑܻܴܺܺܺܺܺܺ܋ܺ۵۴ܺ۴ܴ۵۵ܺ۴ܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺl܋܋ܺ܋ܻܺۻܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺlܑܴܴܻܻܺܺܺܺܺ܋ܺ۵ܺܺܺܺ۴ܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺlܴܴܺܮܴܴܻܺ܋ܺܺlܑܴܴܻܴܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺܺ՜.+,08    BildschirmprsentationFHBBG Arial Unicode MS WingdingsArialTimes New RomanSymbolIfU_Folienvorlage-2003-dtBenutzerdefiniertes DesignMicrosoft Formel-Editor 3.0%IEA HPP Annex 28 Calculation methodOutline of the presentation%Objectives of the calculation method%Calculation method basic situation$Principle of the calculation method$Principle of the calculation method&Performance factor at operating point$Principle of the calculation method)Seasonal performance factor of heat pump$Principle of the calculation method,Seasonal performance factor of heating mode$Principle of the calculation methodExtension to combined systemsExtension to combined systemsExtension to combined systems$Overall seasonal performance factorAssumptions/SimplificationsCalculation steps Input data Input data Folie 21 Verwendete SchriftartenEntwurfsvorlageEingebettete OLE-Server FolientitelRoot EntrydO)p^7]PicturesCurrent UserSSummaryInformation(U)_Ncarsten.wemhoenercarsten.wemhoener  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesCurrent UserSummaryInformation(UPowerPoint Document(}NDocumentSummaryInformation8